In software development, what is "refactoring"?

Refactoring is the process of restructuring existing code without changing its external behavior. This practice is crucial in software development as it enhances code readability, maintainability, and efficiency. By reorganizing code, developers can improve its structure—such as breaking down complex functions into smaller, more manageable ones, or eliminating duplicate code—while preserving its functionality. This means that while the code may look different or be more efficient, it still performs the same tasks when executed.

The importance of refactoring lies in its ability to keep the codebase clean and adaptable for future changes or feature enhancements. It allows developers to make improvements without introducing new bugs or altering how the application operates from a user’s perspective. This makes it a foundational practice in maintaining high-quality software over time.