What characterizes ROM memory?

ROM memory is characterized by its non-volatile nature, which means it retains data even when the power is turned off. Unlike volatile memory, such as RAM, which loses its contents when the device is powered down, ROM is specifically designed to hold permanent data and instructions that are critical for booting and operating the hardware. This permanence ensures that the information stored in ROM, such as firmware and system-level software, remains intact without requiring power.

Additionally, ROM is typically programmed during the manufacturing process, making it difficult or impossible to modify afterwards. This characteristic is crucial because it ensures the stability and reliability of the software that is essential for the initial startup of computers and other devices. In summary, the defining feature of ROM is its ability to store essential data in a stable manner that will not change over time or due to power loss.