What is the difference between "static" and "dynamic" typing?

The definition of static and dynamic typing revolves around when the type of a variable is determined. In languages that use static typing, the data type of a variable is known and checked during compile time. This enables the compiler to catch type-related errors before the program is executed, enhancing type safety. For instance, if a variable is declared as an integer, it cannot be reassigned to a string later in the code, as this would lead to a compilation error.

On the other hand, dynamic typing determines the type of a variable at runtime. This means that the type can change as the program executes, allowing for greater flexibility but also increasing the risk of runtime errors if a variable is used inappropriately.

Therefore, the correct answer highlights the distinction between the checking times: static typing checks variable types at compile time, while dynamic typing performs type checks at runtime, reflecting each typing approach's different methodology and implications for program safety and flexibility.