What is the purpose of comments in code?

Comments in code serve an essential purpose by providing explanations and clarifications for developers who read or maintain the code. They are not executed by the compiler or interpreter, meaning they do not affect the performance or functioning of the code itself. Instead, comments are used to convey the intent behind certain decisions, document complex logic, or outline steps taken in the coding process, making it easier for others (or even the original developer at a later time) to understand what the code is doing and why certain choices were made.

This practice is crucial in collaborative environments where multiple developers may work on the same codebase, ensuring that everyone can comprehend the rationale behind the written code and making future modifications less error-prone. While comments can also help in enforcing coding standards indirectly by providing context or rationale for following specific conventions, their primary role is centered around enhancing clarity and understanding.