Which system assigns a numerical code ranging from 0 to 127 to each English character?

The system that assigns a numerical code ranging from 0 to 127 to each English character is known as the ASCII Code. ASCII, which stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange, represents text in computers and other devices that use text. It includes control characters (such as carriage return or line feeds) as well as various English letters and punctuation marks, all indexed by numbers from 0 to 127.

In ASCII, for example, the capital letter 'A' corresponds to the decimal value 65, while the lowercase letter 'a' corresponds to the value 97. This numerical representation allows computers to store and process text more effectively. Given this defined range, ASCII is limited to the basic English alphabet and some control codes, which makes it less suitable for representing characters outside this scope.

Other coding systems like Unicode or UTF-8 extend beyond this basic set to accommodate a far wider array of characters from various languages and symbol sets, thus surpassing the capabilities of ASCII. Binary Code refers to the representation of data in the form of binary digits (0s and 1s) but does not directly correspond to specific characters in the way ASCII does.